In the world's major countries in the world, we are not the same as the refrigerant replacement requirements, but with the world's external market development, these countries are also not clear the attitude of alternative. So it is clear that the requirements of the various countries in this area for the export of domestic air conditioning enterprises will have a greater help, here is to introduce the world's three largest refrigeration market in the development of alternative refrigerants.
Japan: R410A into the mainstream
In Japan, the room air conditioner refrigerant from the end of 1990s began to gradually transition to the new refrigerant, which appeared in the R410A and R407C two genre, the use of R22 room air conditioner in the market to reduce the proportion of. Although air conditioning refrigerant combination also from the late 90s of the 20th century up to R407C transition, but Toshiba carrier and Sanyo using R410A, more key is, in 2003, the industry leader, Daikin announced in all products using R410A, including commercial VRF a drag system (known in the trade as VRV system). Daikin even in the international market also launched the second generation of VRV system II, causing Japan major air conditioning manufacturers have to follow, so Japan refrigerant alternative R410A has become the mainstream.
Although the working pressure of R410A refrigerant is 1.6 times higher than that of R407C, it will not cause the temperature to fall, and it is similar to the other characteristics of the R407C refrigerant, so it is easy to control. And because of the relatively small R410A volume (m3 / kg) (high density), per unit volume of larger capacity, which have the advantages of pipe diameter and pressure class size reduction. So compared with R407C, R410A substituting something more radical, and the to improve energy efficiency to help more than also contribute to the factory using R410A.
Obviously, R410A for existing equipment and parts of the transformation than the R407C, but now, in addition to large industrial with a combination of air conditioning and cold water machine, all new small commercial air conditioning and VRF systems are using R410A. It is certain that, in the end, all of Japan's combined air conditioning equipment will use R410A.
R404A is becoming a new generation of refrigerants in low temperature equipment. May be due to the high price of the reasons, R507C (common boiling refrigerant) application is limited to a small range. And in the past has been used in the industrial field of ammonia, now also caused the manufacturers' interest. Although ammonia is a natural refrigerant, it has not been widely used because of its toxic and flammable. But recently, the complex system of carbon dioxide and ammonia refrigerant combination, has been applied in the industrial field. Because of the working pressure of carbon dioxide refrigerant is greater than R410A, it can not be used in the air conditioning system of conventional compressors, pressure tanks, heat exchangers.
In addition, the past two years, Japan's major home appliance manufacturers have begun to produce the use of different refrigerants to do cold refrigerant.
United States: R22 is still dominant
Compared with other developed countries, especially in Japan and Europe, the United States in the attitude of the cold media alternative is relatively passive, its domestic refrigerant area is still dominated by traditional R22, may be due to the huge domestic market, alternative costs so that the United States had to be careful consideration, and this is the United States has always been a tradition.
At present, the unit air conditioning equipment, only about 10% used new refrigerant, but the major manufacturers such as carrier, York, Trane and Leroux and have developed the use of R410A refrigerant unit type, but in the sales still does not see improvement, and the household air conditioner market accounted for the main position in the window machine, almost all of the products are used R22 traditional refrigerant. For this, has begun to condemn the international community.
International Refrigeration Association (IIR) held in Washington in August 2003 the international refrigeration Conference (ICR). In many of the exhibits, the study of carbon dioxide and natural refrigerants is particularly noticeable. At the same time, the United States of America News reported that carbon dioxide refrigerant supporters in the meeting was very active in promoting its products. They were offered the application of carbon dioxide refrigerant technology and 34 papers, compared with the previous sessions 10 is less than the number of papers is a great leap forward. However, it is now the most rapid solution to replace HFC is R22, not carbon dioxide, reported in the report said: because the R22 refrigerant plan in all the equipment must be eliminated, so in 2003, the International Conference on R22 alternatives to launch a fierce discussion. But until now the United States has not yet finally clear, and its international convention on alternative refrigerants, the Montreal regulations and the Kyoto Protocol, the attitude is also very ambiguous.
But the reality of the United States is that, once admitted to the treaty, then it must assume the responsibility and obligation of developed countries.
Europe: R134A controversy
Europe is another area that has a strong support for the new refrigerant alternative, in which the EU's energy department's guidance is an important direction. In fact, there is no agreement between the European Union's views on the issue, although they have agreed to the alternative, but there are still some differences in the specific content and timetable. But overall, the EU is increasingly stringent requirements for cold media alternative, so, in 2004, almost all manufacturers have adopted the R410A on a small capacity, large machines are generally used R407C.
EU application of R134A refrigerant
European and American daily refrigerant (refrigerant) development trend